Welch Teaching & Coaching
Trigonometry • College Preparatory Mathematics

Unit 1: Introduction to Trigonometry

Build the language of angles and triangles, then connect right-triangle ratios to coordinates and the unit circle.

U1
Unit Road Map

Lesson Map

Use this table as your route through the unit. Lesson numbers jump directly to the matching explanation.

LessonTopicYou should be able to…
1.1Angles in Standard PositionSketch positive and negative angles in standard position and identify initial and terminal sides.
1.2Coterminal Angles & DMSFind coterminal angles and convert among decimal degrees and degrees-minutes-seconds.
1.3Triangle FoundationsUse triangle angle sum and similar triangles to determine missing measures.
1.4The Six Trigonometric FunctionsDefine sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent using sides of a right triangle.
1.5Coordinates & Trig ValuesFind all six trigonometric values from a coordinate point using r = √(x²+y²).
1.6Unit Circle & Quadrantal AnglesIntroduce the unit circle, quadrantal values, and the Pythagorean identity.
Navigation

How the Unit Is Built

Each resource below is part of the same learning cycle. Select a card to jump to it.

Learn

Content Summary

Work through these lessons in order. Focus on the meaning of the mathematics, the decision that selects a method, and a check that confirms the result.

Lesson 1.1

Angles in Standard Position

Sketch positive and negative angles in standard position and identify initial and terminal sides.

What to understand: Explain what the method is doing, not only which buttons or steps produce an answer.
Check: Ask whether the sign, size, units, quadrant, restrictions, or graph behavior make sense before accepting the result.
Lesson 1.2

Coterminal Angles & DMS

Find coterminal angles and convert among decimal degrees and degrees-minutes-seconds.

What to understand: Explain what the method is doing, not only which buttons or steps produce an answer.
Check: Ask whether the sign, size, units, quadrant, restrictions, or graph behavior make sense before accepting the result.
Lesson 1.3

Triangle Foundations

Use triangle angle sum and similar triangles to determine missing measures.

What to understand: Explain what the method is doing, not only which buttons or steps produce an answer.
Check: Ask whether the sign, size, units, quadrant, restrictions, or graph behavior make sense before accepting the result.
Lesson 1.4

The Six Trigonometric Functions

Define sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent using sides of a right triangle.

What to understand: Explain what the method is doing, not only which buttons or steps produce an answer.
Check: Ask whether the sign, size, units, quadrant, restrictions, or graph behavior make sense before accepting the result.
Lesson 1.5

Coordinates & Trig Values

Find all six trigonometric values from a coordinate point using r = √(x²+y²).

What to understand: Explain what the method is doing, not only which buttons or steps produce an answer.
Check: Ask whether the sign, size, units, quadrant, restrictions, or graph behavior make sense before accepting the result.
Lesson 1.6

Unit Circle & Quadrantal Angles

Introduce the unit circle, quadrantal values, and the Pythagorean identity.

What to understand: Explain what the method is doing, not only which buttons or steps produce an answer.
Check: Ask whether the sign, size, units, quadrant, restrictions, or graph behavior make sense before accepting the result.
Watch & Reinforce

Video Library

These links open focused video searches by lesson topic. Use them as reinforcement rather than as a substitute for showing your own reasoning.

Lesson 1.1

Angles in Standard Position

Use a short lesson after reading the website explanation, then return to the practice.

Find a matching video →
Lesson 1.2

Coterminal Angles & DMS

Use a short lesson after reading the website explanation, then return to the practice.

Find a matching video →
Lesson 1.3

Triangle Foundations

Use a short lesson after reading the website explanation, then return to the practice.

Find a matching video →
Lesson 1.4

The Six Trigonometric Functions

Use a short lesson after reading the website explanation, then return to the practice.

Find a matching video →
Lesson 1.5

Coordinates & Trig Values

Use a short lesson after reading the website explanation, then return to the practice.

Find a matching video →
Lesson 1.6

Unit Circle & Quadrantal Angles

Use a short lesson after reading the website explanation, then return to the practice.

Find a matching video →
Language

Vocabulary

These terms should appear naturally in explanations, diagrams, and written reasoning.

standard position
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
initial side
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
terminal side
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
coterminal angles
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
degrees-minutes-seconds
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
similar triangles
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
sine
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
cosine
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
tangent
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
cosecant
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
secant
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
cotangent
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
unit circle
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
quadrantal angle
Write a definition in your own words and add an example or sketch in your STRIDES notes.
Practice

Sample Problems

Try each problem before opening the solution. The examples are original practice aligned to the unit skills.

1

Sketch and classify

Sketch −135° in standard position. State its quadrant and give one positive coterminal angle.
Show solution
−135° ends in Quadrant III. Adding 360° gives the positive coterminal angle 225°.
2

Convert DMS

Convert 38° 24′ 36″ to decimal degrees.
Show solution
38 + 24/60 + 36/3600 = 38.41°.
3

Similar triangles

A triangle with sides 6, 8, 10 is similar to a triangle whose hypotenuse is 25. Find the corresponding shorter leg.
Show solution
Scale factor = 25/10 = 2.5, so the shorter leg is 6(2.5)=15.
4

Six trig values

For a right triangle relative to θ, opposite=8, adjacent=15. Find all six trig values.
Show solution
Hypotenuse=17. sin=8/17, cos=15/17, tan=8/15, csc=17/8, sec=17/15, cot=15/8.
5

Coordinate point

The terminal side of θ passes through (−5,12). Find sin θ, cos θ, and tan θ.
Show solution
r=13. sin=12/13, cos=−5/13, tan=−12/5.
6

Pythagorean identity

If sin θ=3/5 and θ is in Quadrant II, find cos θ.
Show solution
cos²θ=1−9/25=16/25. In QII cosine is negative, so cos θ=−4/5.
Reference

Equations & Rules

Know what each relationship means and when it applies; do not treat the box as a list of disconnected formulas.

Triangle Sum
A + B + C = 180°
Pythagorean Theorem
a² + b² = c²
Radius from a Point
r = √(x² + y²)
Sine
sin θ = opposite / hypotenuse = y/r
Cosine
cos θ = adjacent / hypotenuse = x/r
Tangent
tan θ = opposite / adjacent = y/x
Reciprocals
csc θ=1/sin θ, sec θ=1/cos θ, cot θ=1/tan θ
Pythagorean Identity
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
Prepare

Review Guide

Skill Checklist

  • I can sketch positive and negative angles in standard position and identify initial and terminal sides.
  • I can find coterminal angles and convert among decimal degrees and degrees-minutes-seconds.
  • I can use triangle angle sum and similar triangles to determine missing measures.
  • I can define sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent using sides of a right triangle.
  • I can find all six trigonometric values from a coordinate point using r = √(x²+y²).
  • I can introduce the unit circle, quadrantal values, and the Pythagorean identity.

How to review

  1. Complete the unit Skills Check packet without notes.
  2. Mark the exact skill behind each error.
  3. Return to that lesson and complete a fresh example.
  4. Explain the correction in words, then retry a similar problem.
  5. Finish with mixed practice so you must choose the method yourself.
Apply

Performance Task

Angle & Height Survey

Use measured distances and angle information to model the height of an inaccessible object. Include a labeled diagram, calculations, assumptions, and an explanation of which trigonometric relationship connects the measurements.

Evidence to include

A labeled mathematical model, organized calculations, appropriate units and precision, a written interpretation, and a check or discussion of limitations.